ArticleNature immunology2026
A microenvironment-driven HLA-II-associated insulin neoantigen elicits persistent memory T cell activation in diabetes.
Article in Nature immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Disposal to Display: Crinophagy as a β-Cell Source of Neoantigens in Type 1 Diabetes.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Beyond Sequence: Posttranslational Remodeling of Antigens in Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Oxidative Post-Translational Modifications of Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Structural Remodeling of TCR-HLA-DQ8 Recognition by a β-Cell Stress-Associated C19S Insulin Neoepitope in Type 1 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Crinophagy in Pancreatic Beta Cells: From Insulin Granule Turnover to Diabetes Pathogenesis.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Structural Modulation and Binding of HLA-DQ8 by Cysteine-to-Serine Mutated Insulin Peptide: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The role of IL-17 in orchestrating macrophage polarization via NF-κB, mTOR/HIF-1α and pyroptosis in diabetes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Non-canonical and induced neoantigens as emerging sources of cancer-specific immunotherapy targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Inflammatory stress-induced amino acid transformation generates diabetogenic T cells.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Is the NOD mouse a good model for type 1 diabetes?Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Neoepitopes at the crossroads of immunometabolism: metabolic remodeling of antigen presentation in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Stress-driven remodeling of antigen presentation and chemokine signaling in pancreatic β-cells: implications for type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The antigenic landscape of autoimmune diabetes reflects a failure to preserve self-tolerance, yet how novel neoantigens emerge in humans remains incompletely understood. Here we designed an immunopeptidomics-based approach to probe HLA-II-bound, islet-derived neoepitopes in patients with type 1 diabetes. We uncovered a Cys→Ser transformation, conserved between mice and humans, that reshapes autoreactivity to insulin at the single-residue level. This transformation, which we call C19S, arises from oxidative remodeling of insulin in stressed pancreatic islets and also occurs in cytokine-activated antigen-presenting cells, contributing to a feed-forward loop of neoepitope formation and presentation. Despite involving just one amino acid, C19S is recognized by HLA-DQ8-restricted, register-specific CD4
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