Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41314839›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Preventing kidney injury using carbon dioxide (KID trial): trial protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Athanasios Saratzis, Neha Rasheed, Dania Aguirre, Patrick Coughlin, Athanasios Diamantopoulos, Lindsay Bearne, Nicholas M Selby, Cassandra Brookes, Shaun Barber, Carla Richardson and 4 more

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Athanasios SaratzisCardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester Medical School, Leicester, Leicestershire, UK as875@le.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3399-094X
Neha RasheedUniversity of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, UK.
Dania AguirreUniversity of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, UK.
Patrick CoughlinVascular Surgery, Leeds Vascular Institute General Infirmary, Leeds, UK.
Athanasios DiamantopoulosGuy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Lindsay BearneDepartment of Population Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Nicholas M SelbyCentre for Kidney Research and Innovation, University of Nottingham Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Derby, Nottingham, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0351-8326
Cassandra BrookesLeicester Clinical Trials Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Shaun BarberUniversity of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, UK.
Carla RichardsonLeicester Clinical Trials Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Hannah GilbertCardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester Medical School, Leicester, Leicestershire, UK.
Roland SchuellerLeicester Clinical Trials Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Despina ApergiLeicester Vascular Institute, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
Keith Jonathan HarrisLeicester Vascular Institute, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) commonly coexists with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with symptomatic PAD often require endovascular revascularisation to relieve pain or salvage limbs. However, the iodinated intra-arterial contrast routinely used in these procedures is nephrotoxic, placing patients with CKD at increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and long-term renal decline. Carbon dioxide (CO METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre, open-label, prospective randomised controlled trial across six secondary-care National Health Service (NHS) vascular surgery centres. A total of 174 patients with PAD and CKD undergoing endovascular intervention will be randomised 1:1 to receive iodinated contrast (standard of care) or CO ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial has been approved by an NHS ethical review committee (24/WA/0332) and patients have been involved in trial design. Findings will be disseminated to participants, clinicians and the wider public through patient groups, lay summaries, social media, conferences, peer-reviewed journals and NHS policy channels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN23564393.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryCarbon DioxideContrast MediaEndovascular ProceduresPeripheral Arterial DiseaseRenal Insufficiency, ChronicHumansMulticenter Studies as TopicProspective StudiesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicCarbon DioxideContrast MediaAcute renal failureClinical TrialNEPHROLOGYVascular surgery

Identifiers

PMID41314839
PMCPMC12666217

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.