Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41314817›Full record

ReviewBMJ global health2025

'Climate Change and Health Indicators' and 'Surgical System Strengthening': an opportunity for synergy.

Callum Forbes, Radzi Hamzah, Elizabeth McLeod, John G Meara, Ayla Gerk, Joseph Aryankalayil, Rashi Jhunjhunwala, Kee B Park, Craig D McClain, Maria Jose Garcia Fuentes and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Callum ForbesCenter for Equity in Global Surgery, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda.ORCID 0000-0003-2495-440X
Radzi HamzahHarvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Elizabeth McLeodThe Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
John G MearaHarvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Ayla GerkHarvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Joseph AryankalayilHarvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-2951-2724
Rashi JhunjhunwalaHarvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kee B ParkHarvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Craig D McClainHarvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3462-9638
Maria Jose Garcia FuentesCorporación Latino Americana para la Salud, Quito, Ecuador.
Alfredo Borrero VegaCorporación Latino Americana para la Salud, Quito, Ecuador.
Tarsicio Uribe-LeitzHarvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Joshua S Ng KamstraHarvard Medical School Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Boston, Massachusetts, USA josh.ngkamstra@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0001-9335-2061

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Climate change is a public health emergency. Yet, incongruously, the healthcare sector is a significant source of global greenhouse gas emissions. Surgical systems are uniquely situated to address this public health crisis due to the high carbon footprint associated with surgical care delivery and the ability of strong surgical systems to foster broader climate resilience. There is an urgent need for climate change and health indicators (CCHIs) specific to surgical care to address the environmental impacts of surgery and reduce the impacts of climate change on the health of individuals, populations and surgical care delivery. In proposing a set of example CCHIs pertinent to surgical care, we call the surgical community to action to improve and refine existing indicators while simultaneously engaging in national and regional surgical system strengthening efforts. Moreover, aligning such efforts can help bridge existing climate and health funding gaps which, to date, have proved a critical barrier to ensuring effective healthcare mitigation and adaptation.

Indexed as

Climate ChangeHealth Status IndicatorsCarbon FootprintDelivery of Health CareHumansPublic HealthEnvironmental healthHealth policyHealth systemsHealth systems evaluationSurgery

Identifiers

PMID41314817
PMCPMC12666020

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.