Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41313770›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Distributional bias compromises leave-one-out cross-validation.

George I Austin, Itsik Pe'er, Tal Korem

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

George I AustinDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7834-4968
Itsik Pe'erProgram for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6128-7231
Tal KoremProgram for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0609-0858

Funding

Training in Biomedical Informatics at Columbia UniversityT15LM007079 · NLM · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI NOEMIE ELHADAD, GEORGE M HRIPCSAK · 1992 to 2026
$28.9M
A large scale investigation of the vaginal metagenome and metabolome and their role in spontaneous preterm birthR01HD106017 · NICHD · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI KOREM, TAL · 2021 to 2025
$3.6M
A large scale investigation of the vaginal ecosystem in preeclampsiaR01HD114715 · NICHD · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Tal Korem · 2024 to 2026
$2.1M
Columbia University Graduate Training Program in Computational and Systems BiologyT32GM158494 · NIGMS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Peter Alan Sims, Chaolin Zhang · 2025 to 2026
$486k
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD106017NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD114715NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM158494NLM NIH HHS T15 LM007079
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cross-validation is a common method for evaluating machine learning models. "Leave-one-out cross-validation," in which each data instance is used to test a model trained on all other instances, is often used in data-scarce regimes. As common metrics such as the

Identifiers

PMID41313770
PMCPMC12662204

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.