Soft 3D electromagnetic structures with rapid, complex shape morphing.

Jeonhyeong Park, Qifeng Lu, Ben Jeffery, Heling Wang, Xinchen Ni

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Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jeonhyeong ParkDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-6967-6476

Qifeng LuDepartment of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.ORCID 0009-0003-4684-6087

Ben JefferyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.

Heling WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7859-5153

Xinchen NiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3327-3764

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Soft 3D systems capable of dynamic, real-time shape morphing have broad applications in flexible electronics, biomedical devices, and soft robotics. Existing methods typically rely on stress relaxation in prestretched elastomeric substrates to transform 2D precursors into 3D structures. However, these structures lack the ability for further localized programmability after transformation. This work introduces a class of soft, 3D morphable electromagnetic structures that enable fast, reversible shape transformations, with precise local programmability even after the initial 3D transformation. These systems provide access to sophisticated geometries and motions that were previously unattainable. This approach combines controlled compressive buckling of liquid metal microfluidics and Lorentz force actuation to drive the transformation, guided by multiphysics computational modeling. A 4D electronic system serves as an application example, demonstrating the potential of these spatially and temporally programmable soft systems.

Identifiers

PMID41313758

DOI10.1126/sciadv.aea5264

PMCPMC12662216

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.