Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41313577›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025

Factor Structure of RRBs in Verbal and Non-Verbal Preschoolers With ASD or Related Characteristics.

R Grzadzinski, A L Tapia, K Mata, C Bradley, J W Bodfish, M Hsu, L Hiruma, R E Pretzel, J Daniels

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Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

R Grzadzinski *Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. rebecca_grzadzinski@med.unc.edu.
A L Tapia *Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
K MataCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
C BradleyDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
J W BodfishVanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
M HsuThe Autism Research Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
L HirumaCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
R E Pretzel
J DanielsSchool of Public Health and Mark Chaffin Ctr. for Healthy Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Funding

Preclinical CoreP50HD103573 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GABRIEL S DICHTER · 2020 to 2026
$9.7M
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 5K23HD112809NCBDD CDC HHS U01DD000746NCBDD CDC HHS U01DD000748NCBDD CDC HHS U01DD000749NCBDD CDC HHS U01DD000750NCBDD CDC HHS U01DD000752NCBDD CDC HHS U10DD000180NCBDD CDC HHS U10DD000181NCBDD CDC HHS U10DD000182NCBDD CDC HHS U10DD000183NCBDD CDC HHS U10DD000184NCBDD CDC HHS U10DD000498NCBDD CDC HHS U10DD000901NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103573
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeRRBs are a core symptom domain of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The DSM-5 defines RRBs across 4 categories, though research supporting these distinct categories has been inconsistent. The purpose of this work is to examine the factor structure of RRBs in Verbal and Non-verbal children with ASD or subthreshold symptoms, and determine child characteristics associated with these factors.

methodsWe used data from a second phase of an ongoing study to confirm the factor structure of RRBs on ADI-R items in Verbal and Non-verbal preschool children (mean age = 57.1 months, SD = 8.32), separately. Using multivariable regression, we evaluated the association between Verbal and Non-verbal children factor scores and clinical characteristics using the ADOS, CBCL, and Vineland-2.

resultsA 3-factor structure of RRBs (RSMB; IS; and SPEECH) was confirmed in Verbal children and a 2-factor structure (RSMB and IS) was identified for Non-verbal preschoolers. Higher scores on the ADOS RRB CSS were associated with worse RSMB factor scores in Verbal and Non-verbal preschoolers. Verbal preschoolers with worse internalizing symptoms also had worse RSMB, IS, and SPEECH factor scores. In Verbal and Non-verbal children, worse social adaptive scores were associated with worse RSMB factor scores.

conclusionBy analyzing Verbal and Non-verbal preschoolers separately, we confirmed the presence of a unique SPEECH factor in Verbal children. This approach indicates that RRBs coalesce in 3 factors (RSMB, IS, and SPEECH) in Verbal youth and 2 factors (RSMB and IS) in Non-verbal youth, a pattern not reflected in the current diagnostic manual.

Indexed as

AdaptiveAutism spectrum disorderBehavioral profilesCognitiveNeurodevelopmental disorderPreschool age childrenRestricted and repetitive behaviors

Identifiers

PMID41313577

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