ArticleTropical animal health and production2025
Comparative analysis of quantitative and molecular characteristics in indigenous and commercial poultry breeds of the Kurdistan region.
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Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and molecular characteristics of indigenous Iraqi, Iranian, and commercial chicken populations (Ross 308) using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequencing and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Blood samples were collected from 63 birds across these populations, including six Iraqi and four Iranian breeds, Mezo chickens, and Ross 308. DNA was extracted using commercial kits and analyzed through gradient PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, and Sanger sequencing for COI gene polymorphisms. SSR genotyping employed 12 markers with capillary electrophoresis for allele detection. COI gene analysis revealed 11 haplotypes with a haplotype diversity of 0.822 and a nucleotide diversity of 0.00375. Phylogenetic results identified two primary lineages, with indigenous breeds predominantly ancestral. SSR markers showed Iraqi breeds exhibiting the highest genetic diversity, with observed heterozygosity reaching 0.74, compared to other populations. Genetic structure analysis indicated moderate genetic differentiation among populations, with 90% of variation occurring within individuals. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) highlighted a notable genetic admixture among breeds, especially between Iraqi and Iranian populations, while Ross 308 showed distinct genetic characteristics. Nei’s genetic distance confirmed low divergence between Iraqi and Iranian populations (0.029), suggesting significant genetic similarity. Shannon diversity analysis and AMOVA supported these findings, indicating substantial within-population genetic variation. The results emphasize the importance of preserving genetic diversity in local breeds, which demonstrate adaptability and economic potential. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic structure of regional chicken populations, aiding future breeding and conservation programs.
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