ArticleAnalytical chemistry2025
DyeSPY: Establishing the First Forensic SERS Reference for Hair Dye Colorant Evidence.
Article in Analytical chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Hair dyeing is a widespread practice with potential forensic value in individual identification, yet most analytical approaches are destructive, time-intensive, or lack sensitivity for trace residues. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers a rapid, nondestructive, and highly sensitive alternative. We introduce DyeSPY, the first forensic SERS and machine learning platform for identifying oxidative and nonoxidative hair dye colorants and predicting their perceptual colors. Using spectra from 44 pure colorants, laboratory-prepared mixtures, and 60 commercial dye products applied to hair, we developed a three-phase classification pipeline. Phase I distinguished oxidative from nonoxidative dyes with up to 98.6% accuracy on hair using partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Phase II achieved high-fidelity colorant identification: for nonoxidative dyes, synthetic training via linear spectral mixing yielded an
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