Water, sanitation, and hygiene challenges and disease burden in eastern India.

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices are essential determinants of healthy living. Households lacking proper WASH conditions can experience a burden of various diseases. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the rural-urban differences in WASH conditions and disease burden in eastern India, a region of high under-five mortality. This study utilizes secondary data from the 76th round of National Sample Survey. Multivariable logistic regression is employed to examine the association between WASH practices and diseases. Additionally, Fairlie decomposition is utilized to comprehend the factors contributing to rural-urban disparities in the prevalence of diseases associated with WASH. The study found improper WASH practices to be associated with the prevalence of certain diseases. Rural households were likely to suffer more from diseases than urban households. Other than the WASH factors, the income factor played a major role in widening the rural-urban gap in disease prevalence. The study confirms the link between WASH conditions and specific diseases. It indicates a social gradient of diseases where rural, impoverished households are more susceptible to WASH-related illnesses. Therefore, the study suggests that greater attention must be devoted to improving WASH conditions in rural areas.