Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41312189›Full record

ArticleCurrent developments in nutrition2025

Human Milk Macronutrient and Energy Contents Are Associated with Maternal and Infant Factors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the Japanese Human Milk Study Cohort.

Keisuke Nojiri, Kyoko Nomura, Tomoki Takahashi, Yuta Tsujimori, Takehiko Yasueda, Satoshi Higurashi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current developments in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Keisuke NojiriResearch and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan.
Kyoko NomuraDepartment of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
Tomoki TakahashiResearch and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan.
Yuta TsujimoriResearch and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan.
Takehiko YasuedaResearch and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan.
Satoshi HigurashiResearch and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Human milk (HM) macronutrients are vital for infant growth and development; their composition may vary according to maternal and infant characteristics and differ across populations. However, the wide range of maternal and infant factors affecting HM macronutrient content among Japanese mothers has not been sufficiently evaluated. Objectives: We comprehensively examined the factors associated with the macronutrient content of mature HM in a cross-sectional analysis of a large Japanese cohort. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data from the Japanese HM Study cohort ( Results: Multivariable linear regression revealed significant associations between HM composition and several maternal and infant factors. True protein content was negatively associated with days postpartum [days; partial regression coefficient ( Conclusions: For Japanese mothers, the macronutrient and energy contents of mature HM were associated with exclusive breastfeeding, maternal overweight or obesity, infant birth weight, and days postpartum.This trial was registered at https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/icdr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000017649 as UMIN000015494.

Indexed as

birth weightcarbohydratedays postpartumenergyexclusive breastfeedingfathuman milkJapanobesityprotein

Identifiers

PMID41312189
PMCPMC12651646

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.