ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
Comparative analysis of dietary patterns and depression risk: significant inverse association with HEI-2015 and mediating role of BMI.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Depression is a severe global mental disorder closely associated with dietary habits. This study aimed to evaluate associations between four dietary patterns [assessed by Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM), and Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI)] and depression risk. For any dietary pattern showing significant association, we further examined whether BMI mediated this relationship. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2007-2018) were analyzed. Four dietary indices were calculated using two 24-h dietary recalls: DII, HEI-2015, DI-GM, and CDAI. Depression severity was assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression and mediation analysis were employed to examine diet-depression associations and BMI's mediating effect. For any dietary pattern showing significant association with depression, employ SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to identify which specific dietary components contribute most to this association. Results: HEI-2015 showed a significant negative correlation with depression (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00, Conclusion: This study confirms a significant inverse association between HEI-2015 and depression risk, with BMI acting as a partial mediator. Reducing intake of added sugars and saturated fats while increasing whole fruits consumption may mitigate depression risk.
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