ReviewCureus2025
Efficacy and Safety of Seawater Therapy Versus Non-pharmacological Interventions for Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Marine water-based topical creams have been proposed as non-pharmacologic treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD), leveraging their mineralized nature to control inflammation, restore the skin barrier, and inhibit microbial colonization. However, their clinical efficacy and safety remain insufficiently characterized in existing observational and controlled studies. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of seawater and marine mineral-based therapies for patients with AD. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidance. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies that investigated seawater or marine mineral-based treatments for AD were included. Seven databases were searched from April 2025 to September 10, 2025, using comprehensive Boolean and MeSH-based strategies. Extracted data included study design, intervention details, validated severity scores such as the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, microbial colonization data, and adverse event profiles. Risk of bias was assessed with Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0 and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools. No review protocol was registered. Quantitative analysis of the 10 included studies demonstrated mean SCORAD improvements ranging from 26% to 55% in intervention groups. One trial reported a reduction from 45±4 to 7±1 in SCORAD, and another observed a 46±7.71% reduction with corticosteroids compared with 26±9.4% with thermal balneotherapy (therapeutic bathing in mineral water; p<0.03). Dead Sea climatotherapy (treatment in the unique climatic and mineral environment of the Dead Sea) and synchronous balneophototherapy (combined mineral water bathing with ultraviolet light therapy) consistently outperformed comparators in reducing severity scores. Qualitative findings revealed improvements in stratum corneum hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL, a measure of skin barrier integrity), and microbial composition, with marked reductions in
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Registered trials
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