ArticleMaterials & design2025
Assessment of physicochemical properties and biological responses of chemically surface-modified microcapsules for self-healing dental restorative materials.
Article in Materials & design, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Biodistribution and transport of intratympanically administered drugs in the inner ear using a porcine ex-vivo chamber model.Materials & design · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Approximately 50% of resin-based dental restorations fail within ten years, mainly due to secondary caries and material fractures. Incorporating self-healing microcapsules containing resin-based agents that polymerize upon release offers a promising strategy to repair microcracks and extend restoration longevity. Poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules are commonly used, but formaldehyde cytotoxicity remains a concern. This study developed alternative microcapsules by integrating melamine into the polymeric shell (PUMF) and functionalizing surfaces with methacrylate (TMSPM) or thiol (MPTMS) silanes, with or without a TEOS pre-coating, to reduce formaldehyde release and enhance biocompatibility. Microcapsules were synthesized via double-emulsion, encapsulating triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and characterized for morphology, mechanical stability, functionalization efficiency, formaldehyde release, and cytotoxicity. Melamine increased mechanical and morphological stability, surface roughness, and core retention, especially under functionalization, but also raised formaldehyde release in unmodified capsules. Functionalization with TMSPM and MPTMS significantly reduced formaldehyde release from both PUF and PUMF capsules. Metabolic assays showed dental pulp stem cells were more sensitive to TEGDMA, while fibroblasts were affected by TEGDMA combined with prolonged formaldehyde exposure. Overall, melamine-reinforced functionalized microcapsules exhibit improved stability, controlled formaldehyde release, and enhanced biocompatibility, supporting their potential as next-generation self-healing dental materials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.