ArticleOphthalmology science2026
Macrophage-Like Cell Density and Distribution in Relation to Vascular Leakage in Diabetes.
Article in Ophthalmology science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between macrophage-like cell (MLC) density and vascular leakage in the macula, an indicator of blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown, in diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to understand whether MLCs cluster within areas of vascular leakage. Design: Cross-sectional imaging analysis. Subjects: A total of 161 eyes from 152 diabetic participants with various stages of DR. Methods: Fluorescein angiography (FA) was used to delineate and quantify macular leakage and OCT angiography was used to visualize MLCs using an averaged 3-μm OCT slab above the vitreoretinal interface. In a subgroup of 36 eyes, MLC density maps were overlaid onto FA images to assess the spatial distribution of MLCs relative to leakage zones and their perimeter. Main Outcome Measures: Correlation between MLC density and macular leakage, and the spatial distribution of MLCs in relation to leakage zones. Results: A nonlinear relationship was observed between MLC density and macular leakage, captured by a quadratic model (r Conclusions: The nonlinear relationship between MLC density and macular leakage in DR, along with MLC accumulation around the borders of leakage, suggest a nuanced role for these cells in DR and BRB breakdown. These findings also suggest a complex interplay among different macrophage populations and may reflect changes in MLC function or migration to deeper retinal layers with advancing leakage. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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