Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41311099›Full record

ArticleHealth policy and planning2026

Barriers to raising taxes on tobacco products in Uganda: a political economy analysis.

Henry Zakumumpa, Ligia Paina, Eric Ssegujja, Richard Ssempala, Freddie Ssengooba

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health policy and planning, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Henry ZakumumpaSchool of Public Health, Makerere University, New Mulago Hill Road, PO Box 7062, Mulago, Kampala, Uganda.ORCID 0000-0002-8169-1151
Ligia PainaBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E8543, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
Eric SsegujjaSchool of Public Health, Makerere University, New Mulago Hill Road, PO Box 7062, Mulago, Kampala, Uganda.
Richard SsempalaSchool of Economics, Makerere University, Plot 51 Pool Road, Makerere Main campus, Kampala, Uganda.
Freddie SsengoobaSchool of Public Health, Makerere University, New Mulago Hill Road, PO Box 7062, Mulago, Kampala, Uganda.

Funding

WHO-Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Raising taxes on tobacco is considered the most effective measure for reducing tobacco consumption. Although Uganda ratified WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco control which recommends levying taxes on tobacco products by up to 75% of their retail price, in Uganda taxes on tobacco stagnated at 35% between 2017 and 2024. There is little in-depth research interrogating the political economy underpinning tobacco tax policy in Uganda. The aim of this study is to apply political economy analysis in exploring barriers to implementing WHO's recommended tobacco tax rates in Uganda. Our qualitative study entailed key informant and in-depth interviews with 34 purposively selected participants. Data were analysed by thematic approach. Tobacco industry narratives are dominant among policy elite with a strongly entrenched notion that raising taxes will bring economic harm such as 'killing off' the tobacco industry and by implication diminish government tax revenue. Participants identified tobacco industry interference in tobacco tax policy in Uganda through both 'soft' tactics such as sustained lobbying of policy elite in the executive and legislative arms of government and 'hard' tactics through litigation. Contrary to recommendations of having a 'single spine' or uniform tax on tobacco, Uganda continues to implement a differential tax structure for tobacco products. The paucity of non-industry-funded-research on effects of raising tobacco taxes was observed while the attrition of civil society champions in advocacy campaigns for raising taxes ensured that there was no sustained counterbalance to the tobacco industry in Uganda which the later exploited to promote the narrative that taxes needed to be maintained at a low level where they would not cause 'economic harm'. Our findings highlight the need for strengthening civil society advocacy in order to sustain the momentum on raising tobacco taxes in Uganda.

Indexed as

PoliticsTaxesTobacco IndustryTobacco ProductsCommerceHealth PolicyHumansLobbyingQualitative ResearchUgandahealth policyhealth taxesnon-communicable diseasespolitical economytobacco control

Identifiers

PMID41311099
PMCPMC12906765

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.