Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41310405›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2026

Evaluation of Partial Volume Correction Techniques for Sodium MRI of the Achilles Tendon.

Rika Möller, Benedikt Kamp, Paula Leja, Thomas A Thiel, Eric Bechler, Hans-Jörg Wittsack, Gerald Antoch, Armin M Nagel, Lena M Wilms, Miriam Frenken and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Rika MöllerMedical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Benedikt KampMedical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0518-5695
Paula LejaMedical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Thomas A ThielMedical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Eric BechlerMedical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-4879
Hans-Jörg WittsackMedical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5830-423X
Gerald AntochMedical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Armin M NagelInstitute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0948-1421
Lena M WilmsMedical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Miriam FrenkenMedical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
Anja Müller-LutzMedical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 530863408Jürgen Manchot Stiftung
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo evaluate partial volume correction (PVC) techniques for sodium MRI of the Achilles tendon in situ and in vivo.

methodsFive PVC methods were evaluated including a volume ratio of the proton and sodium segmentations (PSSR), a modified least trimmed square (3D-mLTS) linear regression, a geometric transfer matrix (GTM) approach, a single target correction (STC), and a novel estimated single target correction (eSTC). Their performance was tested using simulated data and 3 T MR data of two volunteers' Achilles tendons acquired at different resolutions: 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.5 mm

resultsIn the simulation, all PVC methods reduced the difference between the actual and calculated concentrations and were 11.69 ± 6.17 mM without PVC, 4.90 ± 5.40 mM with the PSSR, 4.86 ± 5.19 mM with the mLTS, 1.72 ± 4.13 mM with the GTM, 0.36 ± 1.77 mM with STC and 0.26 ± 1.63 mM with the eSTC. In vivo, the difference in aTSCs between the lower and the highest resolution decreased with all PVCs ranging from 3.6 to 38.8 mM without PVC, 2.8-20.4 mM with PSSR, 4.5-25.9 mM with mLTS, 0.9-7.8 mM with GTM, 0.1-23.8 mM with STC, and 0.7-7.7 mM with eSTC.

conclusionPVC generally improved the accuracy of aTSC calculations. The newly introduced eSTC produced the most accurate results for the Achilles tendon.

Indexed as

Achilles TendonImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingSodiumAdultAlgorithmsComputer SimulationFemaleHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMaleReproducibility of ResultsSodium23Na‐MRIAchilles tendonpartial volume correctionsodium concentrationsodium MRI

Identifiers

PMID41310405
PMCPMC12850615

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.