Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41310186›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Mechanistic and comparative laboratory assessment of lime dosage and uniaxial geogrid on the strength and durability of classified lateritic subgrade.

Udeme Udo Imoh, Akindele Christopher Apata, Abdulazeez Muritala Bolorunduro, Majid Movahedi Rad

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Udeme Udo ImohDepartment of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Transport Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Győr, 9026, Hungary.
Akindele Christopher ApataDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Abdulazeez Muritala BolorunduroDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Majid Movahedi RadDepartment of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Transport Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Győr, 9026, Hungary. majidmr@sze.hu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study presents a mechanistic and comparative laboratory assessment of lime stabilization and uniaxial geogrid reinforcement, applied independently and in combination, to improve the engineering performance of a classified A-7-6 (CL–ML) lateritic subgrade from Ogun State, Nigeria. The objective was to evaluate the effect of lime dosage and geogrid inclusion on the short- and long-term California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and Resilient Modulus (MR), and to test the hypothesis that chemical and mechanical stabilization mechanisms act synergistically to enhance stiffness and durability. Quicklime (CaO > 90%) was added at 2–8% by dry weight, while the geogrid used was uniaxial polypropylene with an aperture size of 30 mm and tensile strength of 22 kN/m. Specimens were prepared by mixing, compacting, and curing at 25 ± 2 °C and 95 ± 2% RH for 7, 14, and 28 days, then tested according to ASTM and AASHTO standards. Each condition was replicated thrice, and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results showed that lime treatment reduced the plasticity index from 30 ± 1.2 to 6 ± 0.5%, increased UCS from 300 ± 15 to 950 ± 40 kPa and improved soaked CBR from 23 ± 1.1 to 57.5 ± 2.3% after 28 days. Single and double geogrid layers enhanced soaked CBR to 33 ± 1.4% and 43 ± 1.7%, respectively, with negligible strength loss after three moisture cycles, confirming durability under wetting–drying conditions. Combined lime–geogrid stabilization achieved the highest performance, with CBR > 65%, MR > 90 MPa, and UCS > 1.0 MPa, exceeding AASHTO subgrade requirements. The findings demonstrate that lime primarily enhances chemical bonding, whereas geogrid reinforcement improves mechanical confinement; their combination offers a durable, cost-effective, and low-carbon alternative to conventional cement stabilization for tropical lateritic subgrades.

Indexed as

California bearing ratioGeogrid reinforcementLateritic soilLime stabilizationPavement subgradeUnconfined compressive strength

Identifiers

PMID41310186
PMCPMC12672628

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.