Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41310059›Full record

Observational studyScientific reports2025

Dynamic impact of bivalent COVID-19 vaccine boosters on systemic and mucosal antibody and T cell immunity.

Barbara Kronsteiner, Melissa Govender, Chang Liu, Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc, Mohammad Ali, Jennifer Hill, Martha Zewdie, Andrew Cross, James Austin, Amyleigh Watts and 35 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

45 authors.

Barbara Kronsteiner *NDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. barbara.kronsteiner-dobramysl@ndm.ox.ac.uk.
Melissa Govender *Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Chang LiuCentre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Aiste Dijokaite-GuraliucCentre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Mohammad AliNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Jennifer HillNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Martha ZewdieNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andrew CrossLiverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
James AustinNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Amyleigh WattsNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Adrienn AngyalDivision of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Hailey HornsbyDivision of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Priyanka AbrahamNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sandra AdeleNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Srija MoulikNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Jodie HarteNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Alexander HargreavesNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Yasmin JiwaCentre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Muneeswaran SelvarajCentre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Lizzie StaffordOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Anni JamsenOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Susan L DobsonNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Sofia SampaioNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Callum HalsteadOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Amy SteelOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Stephanie LongetCentre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Saint-Etienne, France.
Sian E FaustiniInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Shona C MooreNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Juthathip MongkolsapayaCentre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Daniel G WoottonLiverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
James E D ThaventhiranMedical Research Council Toxicology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Susan HopkinsThe UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
Victoria HallThe UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
Katie JefferyOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Eleanor BarnesPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Christopher J A DuncanTranslational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
Rebecca P PayneTranslational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
Alex G RichterInstitute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Thushan I de SilvaDivision of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Lance TurtleNIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Gavin R ScreatonCentre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Paul KlenermanPeter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Miles CarrollCentre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Susanna J DunachieNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. susie.dunachie@ndm.ox.ac.uk.
PITCH Consortium

Funding

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Science (CIFMS) 2018-I2M-2-002MRC MR/W020564/1MRC MR/X001598/1NIHR NIHR200907NIHR NIHR300791UKRI MR/X009297/1U.S. Food and Drug Administration Medical Countermeasures Initiative 75F40120C00085Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 110058/Z/15/ZWellcome Trust 205228/Z/16/ZWellcome Trust WT109965MA
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

COVID-19 vaccines were updated to address immune escape from variants of concern (VOC). We explored the impact of ancestral/BA.1 bivalent mRNA booster vaccination (Autumn 2022) on peripheral and nasal antibody and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in an observational cohort of 133 healthcare workers, building on previous longitudinal vaccination studies. We demonstrate that maintenance of antibody and T-cell responses up to eighteen months following the third vaccine is at least partially driven by intercurrent infection. Boosting with the bivalent vaccine increases the breadth of circulating and nasal antibodies to spike, which waned over time but was still detectable six months post-dose. T-cell responses are well maintained and highly cross-reactive to VOCs irrespective of booster vaccination. Vaccination strongly boosted nasal IgG, but this was short-lived compared to circulating antibodies. Overall, ongoing COVID-19 vaccination provides benefit, boosting immunity in individuals who have not been recently infected, but new strategies may be needed to provide longer-term nasal immunity.

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesImmunity, MucosalImmunization, SecondarySARS-CoV-2T-LymphocytesAdultFemaleHumansImmunity, CellularImmunoglobulin GMaleMiddle AgedSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVaccinationAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesImmunoglobulin GSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusAntibodiesCOVID-19Mucosal immunitySARS-CoV-2T cellsVaccine

Identifiers

PMID41310059
PMCPMC12748998

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.