Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41309954›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Dynamics of postnatal upper airway bacteria colonization in preterm infants <1000g and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Tina Frodermann, Ulrich Rochwalsky, Ariane Selting, Frank Oehmke, Katrin Gentil, Volkhard A J Kempf, Stephan Göttig, Michael Hogardt, Anastasia Anagnostou, Michael Schloter and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Time spent within the SpOBMJ open respiratory research · 2026
    Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Tina Frodermann *Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
Ulrich Rochwalsky *Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Ariane SeltingDepartment of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
Frank OehmkeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
Katrin GentilInstitute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Schubertstrasse 81, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
Volkhard A J KempfInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Stephan GöttigInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Michael HogardtInstitute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Anastasia AnagnostouDepartment of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Michael SchloterResearch Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany.
Birte StaudeDepartment of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
Jan GertheissDepartment of Economics and Social Sciences, Statistics and Data Science Group, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, Hamburg, Germany.
Harald EhrhardtDivision of Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre Ulm, Eythstraße 24, D-89075, Ulm, Germany. harald.ehrhardt@uniklinik-ulm.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aberrant microbial colonization of premature infants is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for severe acute morbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of bacterial upper airway colonization within the first 6 weeks of life in preterm infants <1000g and risk of moderate/severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In this retrospective two-center cohort study postnatal upper airway bacterial colonization of premature infants with a birth weight <1000g was analyzed. Bacteria were categorized into facultative- and highly pathogenic. Within 242 infants, a birth weight cutoff of 800g prevailed as the most relevant discriminator for risk of BPD. Furthermore, center, male sex, duration of antibiotic therapy, and delayed detection of facultative pathogenic bacteria after week 4 was associated with the development of BPD. Using classification tree analyses for the binary outcome, antibiotic therapy was more importance in infants <800g, whereas in those with a birth weight ≥800g, delayed colonization with facultative pathogenic bacteria was more relevant than antibiotic exposure. We add delayed colonization of the upper airway with facultative pathogenic bacteria to the risks for BPD. The variations of microbial colonization should be considered in future studies on the pathogenesis of BPD and new treatment modalities.

Indexed as

BacteriaBronchopulmonary DysplasiaInfant, PrematureAnti-Bacterial AgentsBirth WeightFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial colonizationBronchopulmonary dysplasiaFacultative pathogenic bacteriaHighly pathogenic bacteriaLungPreterm infantRiskUpper airway

Identifiers

PMID41309954
PMCPMC12663399

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.