Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41309864›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Identification of a blink frequency threshold for maintaining tear film stability in young adults with dry eye symptoms.

Yawei Chai, Mingrui Cheng, Xinhua Liu, Yiteng Lu, Xingyu Zhu, Yuqing Wu, Qihua Le, Jiaxu Hong

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yawei ChaiSchool of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-1037-944X
Mingrui ChengDepartment of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
Xinhua LiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
Yiteng LuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
Xingyu ZhuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
Yuqing WuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
Qihua Le *Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. qihuale_eent@163.com.
Jiaxu Hong *Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. jiaxu.hong@fdeent.org.

Funding

"Dawn" Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission 24SG11National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFA0915000National Natural Science Foundation of China 82171102National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars 82425015Shanghai High-Quality Development Plan for Science and Technology Industry 25SF1907000Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health 20254Z0019Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan for Advanced Materials 24CL2900802Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan for Cell and Gene Therapy 24J22800500
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To determine the critical blink frequency threshold for maintaining tear film stability in young participants with dry eye symptoms. In this two-phase study, 45 young participants (aged 19-28 years) with dry eye symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index, OSDI ≥ 13) underwent spontaneous blink measurements (Phase 1) and controlled blink experiments (Phase 2: spontaneous, 10 blinks/min, and 20 blinks/min). Tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear break-up time (BUT), bulbar redness (BR), and Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SANDE) scores were obtained and analyzed. Spontaneous blink frequency (27.75 ± 14.43 blinks/min) positively correlated with TMH (r = 0.48, p < 0.01). Reducing blink frequency to 10 blinks/min significantly worsened TMH (p = 0.0002), BUT (p < 0.0001), BR (p < 0.0001), and SANDE scores (p < 0.0001) compared to spontaneous blinking. No differences were found between spontaneous blinking and controlled 20 blinks/min. A blink frequency threshold of ≥ 20 blinks/min is critical for stabilizing tear film in young participants with dry eye symptoms. Interventions targeting blink frequency may mitigate symptoms exacerbated by digital device use.

Indexed as

BlinkingDry Eye SyndromesTearsAdultFemaleHumansMaleYoung AdultBlink frequencyDry eyeOcular surfaceTear filmYoung people

Identifiers

PMID41309864
PMCPMC12660712

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