Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41309568›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Nanosecond-level time-domain coding metasurface for radar signal generation.

Boyang Qian, Hanjun Zhao, Xiaohua Zhu, Peng Li, Hong Hong, Hui Chu, Yong-Xin Guo

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Boyang QianSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-3140
Hanjun ZhaoSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-0161
Xiaohua ZhuSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
Peng LiSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-1636
Hong HongSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. hongnju@njust.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8479
Hui ChuSchool of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. chuhui45@163.com.
Yong-Xin GuoDepartment of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The time-domain coding metasurface (TDCM) offers a rapid and efficient approach for manipulating frequency spectra of electromagnetic waves. To date, not only finite-order harmonics can be generated and coded discretely, frequency modulation of continuous waves has also been investigated. However, limited phase-tuning speed still constrains the modulation bandwidth and practical applications. Here, we report a TDCM capable of nanosecond-level phase tuning as fast as 20 ns within a full 360° tuning cycle. Unlike conventional varactor-based approaches, the proposed TDCM adopts a reconfigurable PIN-diode array, reducing transition time between adjacent states to only several nanoseconds. Furthermore, this approach can be extended to Ku- and even millimeter-wave bands, overcoming the frequency constraint of varactors. To validate its effectiveness, we built a C-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar prototype with the metasurface as the signal generator. A high-quality 10-MHz-bandwidth FMCW signal was generated, enabling accurate measurement of a flying drone's range and speed.

Identifiers

PMID41309568
PMCPMC12660983

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.