ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2026
Synergy between regulatory elements can render cohesin dispensable for distal enhancer function.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epistemological parameters in the recent era of nuclear organization and function.Molecular biology of the cell · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and functional implications of long-range enhancer-dependent gene regulation.Nature genetics · 2026Review
- Genome folding and nuclear speckles converge to orchestrate fibroblast activation.Science advances · 2026Article
- The roles of chromatin remodeling and 3D genome organization in cancers: from mechanistic insights to emerging treatment options.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Enhancer control of promoter activity and variability via frequency modulation of clustered transcriptional bursts.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Transcription factors as drivers of 3D enhancer-promoter interactions.Current opinion in structural biology · 2026Review
- Synthetic Regulatory Genomics.Annual review of genomics and human genetics · 2026Review
- CAD-C: An engineered nuclease enables repair-freebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms coordinating exit from the stem cell state in mammals.Genes & development · 2026Review
- Live-cell imaging of enhancer-promoter dynamics reveals transient contact-driven gene activation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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- Cohesin-mediated loop extrusion and enhancer-associated factors additively contribute toGenes & development · 2026Article
- Loop extrusion by cohesin plays a role in enhancer-activated gene expression early in differentiation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cohesin bridging as a physical principle of enhancer-promoter communication.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cohesin cofactor dosage sets the rate of loop extrusion, rendering genome folding tunable yet vulnerable to genetic disruption.Molecular cell · 2026Article
- Sequence design for three-dimensional genome folding using Akita Semifreddo.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dual role of ZIC2 during neural induction: from priming transcription factor to enhancer activator.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Acute NIPBL depletion reveals in vivo dynamics of loop extrusion and its role in transcription activation.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Postmitotic transcription and 3D regulation show locus-specific and differentiation-specific sensitivity to cohesin depletion.Nature genetics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Enhancers are critical genetic elements controlling transcription from promoters, yet how they convey regulatory information across large genomic distances remains unclear. In this study, we engineered pluripotent stem cells in which cohesin loop extrusion can be inducibly disrupted without confounding cell cycle defects. Transcriptional dysregulation is cell type specific, and not all loci with distal enhancers depend equally on cohesin extrusion. Using comparative genome editing, we demonstrated that enhancer-promoter communication over just 20 kb can require cohesin. However, promoter-proximal elements can support long-range, cohesin-independent enhancer action-even across strong CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) insulators. Lastly, transcriptional dynamics and the emergence of embryonic cell types remain largely robust despite disrupted extrusion. Beyond establishing strategies to study cohesin in enhancer biology, our work provides mechanistic insight into cell type specificity and genomic context specificity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.