Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41308017›Full record

ArticleJournal of evaluation in clinical practice2025

Bearing the Burdens of Medical Uncertainty.

Bjørn Hofmann, Paul K J Han

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Bjørn HofmannCentre of Medical Ethics at the University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-6709-4265
Paul K J HanDivision of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Funding

Dr. Han's work was supported in part by a 2023-24 Fulbright Scholar Award from the US-Norway Fulbright Foundation.Intramural NIH HHS Z99 CA999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleUncertainty comes in many kinds, is ubiquitous in all parts of clinical work, and is burdensome to physicians, patients, proxies and policy makers. Moreover, it leads to a range of adverse responses such as excessive testing and interventions, overdiagnosis and overtreatment. While the technical aspects of uncertainty are widely accounted for, the burdens of uncertainty need closer scrutiny. AIMS AND

objectivesThe aim of this article is to investigate the complex burden of uncertainty for clinicians: as health professionals, carers for patients, and human beings facing the unknown.

methodA conceptual analysis is applied introducing a case to illustrate the diverse aspects of uncertainty reviewed in the literature.

resultsWe identify six types of burdens of uncertainty: cognitive, emotional, behavioural, social, moral and existential and show how they play out for clinicians in clinical care for their patients, as health professionals, as caregivers and human beings. Moreover, we suggest specific strategies for bearing these various types of burdens of uncertainty in all roles.

conclusionBearing the burdens of uncertainty is crucial for professional integrity, well-being, and communication with patients, but also for improving the quality, safety, efficiency and sustainability of healthcare.

Indexed as

Health PersonnelCaregiversHumansUncertainty

Identifiers

PMID41308017
PMCPMC12671587

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.