Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41307943›Full record

Trial reportJournal of medical Internet research2025

Informal Caregivers' Experiences of an Online Support Program: Qualitative Study Using an Abductive Approach Focusing on Scaling Up Use.

Hanna Allemann, Ingela Thylén, Frida Andréasson, Anna Strömberg

Abstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hanna AllemannDepartment of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Östergötland, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1498-7021
Ingela ThylénDepartment of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Östergötland, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8706-3164
Frida AndréassonDepartment of Social Work, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6438-8575
Anna StrömbergDepartment of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Östergötland, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4259-3671

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInformal caregivers of persons with chronic conditions such as heart failure have a crucial role in providing support. They often provide this help and care without formal training or financial compensation. Their situation can be experienced as demanding and complex, and caregivers have expressed a need for support. In response to their needs, an online support program was co-designed with and for caregivers. The co-design process ensured that the content is relevant to their needs and preferences. However, relevance alone does not guarantee that the program will be feasible or perceived as helpful in caregivers' everyday lives.

objectiveThis study aimed to explore the experiences of informal caregivers of persons with heart failure who had access to an online support program and to identify facilitators and barriers in order to reflect on implementation strategies for scaling up use.

methodsParticipants in this study were included from a multicenter randomized controlled trial in which the co-designed support program is being evaluated. This study used an abductive approach to explore caregivers' experiences and to identify barriers, facilitators, and implementation strategies. Fifteen informal caregivers participating in the randomized controlled trial were interviewed for this purpose. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, and the findings were subsequently mapped onto the Digital Health Engagement Model (DIEGO).

resultsThis study identified caregivers' experiences of engaging with the support program, as well as factors influencing their use of the online content. Drawing on these experiences and applying DIEGO, reflections on tailored implementation strategies were formulated. These strategies emphasize the importance of active outreach to raise awareness of the support program, securing endorsements from relevant sources, and the continuous adaptation of the intervention to enhance its feasibility and relevance in caregivers' everyday lives.

conclusionsA modified version of DIEGO proved valuable for identifying implementation strategies based on caregivers' experiences, with the aim of scaling up use of the support program. Furthermore, DIEGO supported the identification of factors that may provide valuable insight into the implementation process, both in clinical practice and in research.

Indexed as

CaregiversInternetSocial SupportAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQualitative Researchabductive approachDIEGOdigital healthdigital health engagement modelhealth engagementheart failureimplementationinformal caregiversmobile phoneonline support

Identifiers

PMID41307943
PMCPMC12699252

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.