ReviewImmunologic research2025
Macrophage-derived exosomes in autoimmune diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.
Review in Immunologic research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomimetic M2 exosome-based dual-drug nanoplatform for combined immunomodulation and bone protection in rheumatoid arthritis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Review
- Research progress on the effects of macrophage‑derived exosomes on muscle factors IGF‑1 and FGF‑2 mediating musculoskeletal crosstalk molecular signaling pathway on bone metabolism (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-Based Modulation of Autoimmune Microenvironments in Sjögren's Syndrome: A Review of Mechanistic Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an aberrant immune response that targets the body's own tissues, resulting in chronic inflammation and organ damage. Recently, macrophage-derived exosomes (M-Exos), nanoscale vesicles that transport bioactive molecules, have gained recognition as significant mediators of immune regulation and disease progression. These exosomes possess the unique ability to traverse physiological barriers while reflecting the functional states of their originating cells. Consequently, M-Exos exert influence over various immune cell populations, including macrophages, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. The distinct profiles of M1- versus M2-derived exosomes illuminate their differing roles in immune activation and resolution. This review compiles current evidence regarding the involvement of M-Exos in autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, emphasizing their potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic agents. By integrating recent advancements and identifying outstanding questions, we propose a framework for employing M-Exos in diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41307794What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.