Radiation Exposure for Interventional Pain Management Physicians: A Review of Recent Literature.

purpose of reviewInterventional pain physicians are routinely exposed to radiation during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. With the commonplace use and utility of C-arm fluoroscopy, it has become increasingly important for physicians to maintain an understanding of the foundational principles and associated risks of radiation. This review highlights recent literature regarding radiation exposure to assist interventional pain physicians in their efforts to attenuate occupational risk. RECENT

findingsRecent studies continue to call attention to the importance of radiation safety awareness and adherence to established protective measures. The literature emphasizes variability in exposure based on technique, procedure type, and use of shielding. Safety protocols and the principles that guide these recommendations are reviewed, with attention to the ALARA principle, or keeping radiation exposure "as low as reasonably achievable." There are many variables that affect the amount of radiation a given provider is exposed to and numerous ways to limit dose and associated risk. The use of protective equipment, proper technique, and clinical instruction remain essential to reducing exposure. This review underscores the value of physician adherence to safety protocols and the continued need for research in the field of radiation safety and risk reduction.