Beyond Locks and Lectures: What Rural Parents Think Would Be Effective Firearm Safety Messaging and Programming.

Firearm-related suicides and unintentional injuries occur at higher rates in rural U.S. communities than in urban areas. While safe storage programs may help reduce these injuries, little is known about how to effectively engage rural, farming populations. This study aimed to identify factors influencing firearm safety programming and messaging among parents in rural households. Focus groups were conducted in 2024 with rural Iowa parents recruited via FFA club advisors and through the University of Iowa mass e-mail system. Inclusion criteria included: (1) residence in Iowa with active farming or ranching operations, (2) at least one child aged 10-19 living in the home, and (3) at least one firearm in the household. Discussions followed a moderator guide to identify primary themes, with sub-themes emerging organically. Transcripts were analyzed using Dedoose software. Three researchers independently coded the data and resolved discrepancies through consensus. Thirty-two participants identified trusted messengers as law enforcement, Department of Natural Resources personnel, and community members affected by firearm violence. Teachers, healthcare professionals, and celebrities were viewed as less credible. Participants emphasized age-specific messaging using realistic examples and visuals and suggested integrating firearm safety into existing programs like school curricula, 4-H, FFA and local safety courses. Views on distributing safety devices like locks and safes were mixed. Tailoring firearm safety interventions to reflect the values and preferences of rural communities may improve engagement and effectiveness. Strategies led by trusted local messengers may be particularly impactful.