ArticleJournal of community health2026
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Non-Adherence To Anti-retroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV.
Article in Journal of community health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains a major barrier to achieving viral suppression and HIV epidemic control, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite significant ART coverage in Tanzania, a substantial proportion of people living with HIV (PLHIV) fail to achieve optimal adherence, leading to drug resistance, treatment failure, and increased morbidity. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with ART non-adherence among PLHIV. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 309 PLHIV receiving ART at Mwananyamala Hospital. Participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical record reviews, and analysed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics determined prevalence, while bivariate and multivariate logistic regression identified associated factors. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values < 0.05 were used to determine statistical significance. The prevalence of ART non-adherence was 35.3%. Participants aged ≥ 45 years were more likely to be non-adherent (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI: 0.98,6.52, p = 0.046). Longer ART duration (> 5 years) was also significantly associated with non-adherence (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 0.97,3.15, p = 0.041). Forgetfulness emerged as another determinant (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.36,2.87, p = 0.017). Other factors such as stigma, social support, and alcohol use had no significant association with non-adherence. Over one-third of PLHIV at Mwananyamala Hospital were non-adherent to ART. Targeted interventions addressing treatment fatigue, forgetfulness, and long-term adherence support are essential to sustain viral suppression and prevent treatment failure in Tanzania.
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