ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2026
Clinical Features and Prognostic Significance of Pelvic-Perineal Pain in Women with Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: A Retrospective Study.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introduction and hypothesisResearch on female patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) who have urethral, vaginal, perineal, or anal pain (pelvic-perineal pain, PPP) remains limited. This retrospective study characterized their clinical features and treatment outcomes.
methodsFrom 2013 to 2023, a total of 130 female patients with BPS/IC were enrolled. Treatments included hydrodistension with Hunner lesion resection (when present), oral/intravesical medications, and pudendal nerve block for significant PPP. Recurrences were managed with repeat therapy or advanced options (platelet-rich plasma, botulinum toxin, sacral neuromodulation), with urinary diversion as the last resort.
resultsAmong the cohort, 24 patients (18.46%) were identified as having PPP. These patients were significantly older and had higher symptom scores than those without PPP (all p < 0.05). The PPP group exhibited a higher prevalence of cystoscopic grade 4 lesions and a smaller anesthetic bladder capacity. Furthermore, within the PPP cohort, the presence of grade 4 lesions and a bladder capacity ≤ 400 ml were significant predictors of poor treatment outcome. Over a median follow-up of 74.8 months, although overall improvement was not statistically different from a severity-matched control group, treatment failure necessitating urinary diversion occurred exclusively in the PPP group (12.5% vs 0%, p = 0.013). Furthermore, the PPP group required significantly more therapeutic interventions per patient (1.96 vs 1.17, p = 0.001).
conclusionsA subset of female patients with BPS/IC presents who had concomitant PPP, which identifies a more severe disease phenotype characterized by objective markers of severity and a higher risk of treatment failure. The assessment of PPP serves as a straightforward and valuable prognostic marker in clinical practice.
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