Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41307279›Full record

ArticleJournal of occupational health2026

Development and validation of brief measures of workplace loneliness.

Izumi Ayase, Akihito Shimazu, Masahito Tokita, Kentaro Sakamaki, Norito Kawakami

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of occupational health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Izumi AyaseGraduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Shonan Fujisawa Campus, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-4525-8630
Akihito ShimazuFaculty of Policy Management, Keio University, Shonan Fujisawa Campus, Kanagawa, Japan.
Masahito TokitaKeio Research Institute at SFC, Keio University, Shonan Fujisawa Campus, Kanagawa, Japan.
Kentaro SakamakiFaculty of Health Data Science, Juntendo University, Hongo Campus, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-4443-9993
Norito KawakamiDepartment of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

Creating Inclusive Workplaces to Prevent Isolation and Loneliness: Social Implementation of Well-Connected and Engaged Organizations JPMJRS22K1Japan Science and Technology AgencyR&D program "Co-Creation of Solution-Oriented Research and Development for SDGs: Prevention of Social Isolation and Loneliness and Construction of Diverse Social NetworksResearch Institute of Science and Technology for Society
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study aimed to develop and validate 2 concise measures of workplace loneliness.

methodsA 3-item scale for loneliness at work (SLAW-3) and a single-item scale for loneliness at work (SLAW-1) were developed by modifying existing scales for general loneliness. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted of 1228 full-time employees in Japan to test the reliability and validity of these scales. Internal consistency of the SLAW-3 was assessed using Cronbach α coefficient, and the construct validity was examined through correlations with established measures of workplace loneliness, psychological distress, well-being, self-rated health, and workplace social support.

resultsThe SLAW-3 demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach α = .91) and unidimensionality. It correlated positively with established measures of workplace loneliness and psychological distress measures and negatively with well-being and workplace social support measures. The SLAW-1 also demonstrated significant correlation with the SLAW-3 and with psychological indicators such as distress, well-being, self-rated health, and workplace social support.

conclusionsThe SLAW-3 was found to be a reliable and valid measure of workplace loneliness. The SLAW-1 also demonstrated adequate construct validity, despite its single-item format. Both scales are short and may be effectively used to assess workplace loneliness in large-scale employee surveys or brief screenings.

Indexed as

LonelinessWorkplaceAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedPsychological DistressPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSocial SupportSurveys and Questionnairesemployee well-beingloneliness measurementworkplace loneliness

Identifiers

PMID41307279
PMCPMC13057720

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.