Trial reportJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2026
Infant formula iron fortification of 2 vs. 8 mg/L does not increase the risk of iron deficiency or impact neurodevelopment at 12 months.
Trial report in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Infant formula iron fortification of 2 vs. 8 mg/L does not increase the risk of iron deficiency or impact neurodevelopment at 12 months.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026Trial
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this follow-up was to investigate how reduced iron concentration and added bovine lactoferrin in infant formula affect neurodevelopment, iron status, and growth at 12 months of age.
methodsSwedish healthy term formula-fed infants (n = 180) were randomly assigned to receive, from 6 weeks to 6 months of age, a low-iron formula (2 mg/L) fortified with bovine lactoferrin (1.0 g/L) (Lf+, n = 72), the same formula without lactoferrin fortification (Lf-, n = 72) or a control standard formula with 8 mg/L and no lactoferrin (CF, n = 36). Breast-fed infants were recruited as a reference (n = 72). At 12 months of age, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III), iron status, and anthropometrics were assessed.
resultsThere were no intervention effects on BSID-III. Explored outcomes were unaffected by lactoferrin and the two low-iron groups (Lf+ and Lf-) were combined. The low-iron group had lower hepcidin (37.8 vs. 49.4 ng/mL, p = 0.027), compared to the CF group. Furthermore, they had iron status indicators more similar to the breast-fed reference group. The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was low with no significant differences among groups. Weight and length were unaffected by intervention, however head circumference was minimally higher in infants fed low-iron formula compared to CF with mean difference (95% confidence interval) of 0.3 (0.0-0.6) standard-deviation-scores, p = 0.03.
conclusionsInfant formula iron concentration at 2 mg/L was adequate in this population of infants with low risk of ID. Adding bovine lactoferrin did not affect the explored long-term clinical outcomes.
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