Association of risk factors, clinical presentation, and treatment with neonatal outcomes among pre-eclamptic and eclamptic women: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Eclampsia and pre-eclampsia cause high feto-maternal mortality in Pakistan. This study aimed to identify potential risk factors in pregnant women that can lead to the development of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the BVH, Bahawalpur (July 2021-December 2022), to record socio-demographic information, risk factors, clinical symptoms, and treatment administered, which was linked with maternal and neonatal outcomes. The Chi-squared test was applied to describe the relation in categorical variables. Odds ratio were calculated by binary logistic regression for normally distributed significant values. Results: A total of 85 women with eclampsia and 43 with pre-eclampsia were included in the study. The eclamptic women showed a higher rate of illiteracy, were overweight, and married to their cousins. They presented with high systolic blood pressure, proteinuria, and low platelet count (OR = 7.24, 95% CI = 1.60-32.68, Conclusion: Advanced maternal age (≥35), overweight, elevated AST, ALT, and LDH levels, consanguinity, and grand multiparity were associated with higher perinatal mortality. Women with these predictive factors should be monitored for the development of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia.