ArticleJournal of applied clinical medical physics2025
Characterization of the light and flexible nonlead aprons as an alternative to Pb-PVC.
Article in Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Calcined Bovine-Bone-Derived Ca-P as a Densification Filler for Tungsten/PVC Lead-Free Flexible X-Ray Shielding Sheets.Polymers · 2026Article
- Characterization of the light and flexible nonlead aprons as an alternative to Pb-PVC.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRadiation shielding is crucial for protecting healthcare professionals from scatter radiation during x-ray procedures. Conventional lead aprons, although effective, are limited by their high weight, low flexibility, and potential toxicity. Recent developments in composite materials using elements such as tungsten (W), bismuth (Bi), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), and barium (Ba) offer promising nonlead alternatives with comparable radiation protection, while significantly improving both weight reduction and flexibility. PURPOSE: This study evaluates various applicable materials in lead free radiation shielding, including W, Bi, Ba, Sn, Gd, and Sb composites to determine the weight reduction in these types of aprons. By investigating the materials' compositions for radiation attenuation, the present study aims to contribute to the ongoing development of safer, lighter, and more flexible x-ray shielding solutions.
methodsIn this study, the mass and thickness of various nonlead shielding aprons were calculated for two standard protection levels included 0.35 and 0.5 mm lead equivalence across three diagnostic energy spectrums (80, 100, and 120 kVp). Python-based coding was employed to improve the accuracy of determining lead-equivalent thicknesses, while MCNP was utilized to evaluate the radiation attenuation and to simulate x-ray spectra. The generated spectra were further validated against reference data provided by SpekPy, one of the most advanced models recommended by the AAPM.
resultsThe results showed that increasing the lead equivalence from 0.35 to 0.5 mm increased shield mass by approximately 30%-50% for all materials. Certain composites, such as W-Sn-Gd
conclusionIn conclusion, nonlead radiation shields, particularly those based on W-Sn-Gd
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