ArticleNutrients2025
Mapping Iodine Sources for Human Nutrition in Portugal Considering Geography, Seasonality, and Processing: Milk and Plant-Based Milk Alternatives.
Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Iodine Fortification of a Fermented Dairy Product: Development and Quality Assessment.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIodine is a micronutrient essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and crucial throughout life. Milk is potentially one of the major contributors to iodine intake in many countries, including Portugal, due to its consumption patterns.
objectivesThis study characterizes iodine content seasonality in milk and plant-based milk alternatives commercially available in Portugal.
resultsMilk products representing summer and winter seasonal pastures and plant-based alternatives were obtained from major Portuguese supermarkets. Iodine was quantified by the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction in 146 winter and 142 summer milk products, as well as in 128 plant-based alternatives. Cow's milk contained relevant iodine levels (Md = 19.9, IQR = 9.9 µg/100 mL), with no influence of thermal processing, fat or lactose content, season, or being organic and/or from pasture. However, regional differences were observed. The iodine concentration in plant-based drinks was residual, except for four fortified products.
conclusionsThis study provides evidence that milk is still a relevant source of iodine in Portugal, whereas most plant-based alternatives provide negligible iodine, unless fortified. Given shifts towards plant-based diets, monitoring iodine sources and adjusting health policies to fulfil nutritional requirements are pivotal to ensure iodine adequacy.
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