ArticleViruses2025
A Novel Nanopore-Based Genotyping System for Norovirus GII: Validation and Application to Pediatric Gastroenteritis Cases in Moscow, Russia.
Article in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, with genogroup II (NoV-GII) being predominant. This study presents a novel genotyping system for norovirus GII, combining long-range PCR to amplify the complete ~3.2 kb RdRp-VP1 region with Nanopore sequencing and a dedicated bioinformatics pipeline. This approach provides comprehensive, high-resolution genomic data, representing a significant advancement over conventional methods. Encompassing the recombination site and the full lengths of both genotyping regions in a single amplicon enables sensitive detection of mixed infections and recombinant variants, even at concentrations as low as 1% for minor genotypes. We validated the system through retrospective analysis of 115 pediatric acute gastroenteritis cases in Moscow, Russia (2021-2025) with a high viral load of NoV-GII, selected from 3061 screened stool samples. The analysis revealed the predominant circulation of GII.4[P16] norovirus strains, while GII.17[P17] emerged as the second most prevalent genotype after 2021. In contrast, previously common genotypes GII.4[P31] and GII.3[P12] sharply declined. Mixed infections were found in 4% of cases. With the data obtained, we are doubling the number of long (>3000 bp) NoV-GII genomic sequences from Russia available in public databases and providing unique surveillance data for the Moscow region covering the last five years. The results establish the system as a robust framework for high-resolution surveillance, supporting timely detection of emerging strains and informed public health response.
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