Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41305059›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Stability and Repeatability Analysis of a Phase-Modulated Optical Fibre Sensor for Transformer Oil Ageing Detection.

Ugochukwu Elele, Youssouf Brahami, Issouf Fofana, Azam Nekahi, Arshad Arshad, Kate McAulay

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ugochukwu EleleSchool of Science and Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 OBA, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1154-3479
Youssouf BrahamiDepartment of Applied Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada.ORCID 0009-0004-5380-7278
Issouf FofanaDepartment of Applied Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7141-9173
Azam NekahiSchool of Science and Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 OBA, UK.
Arshad ArshadSchool of Science and Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 OBA, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8621-2773
Kate McAulaySchool of Science and Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 OBA, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2612-6512

Funding

Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et technologies (FRQNT) https://ror.org/00w3qhf76
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transformer oil ageing alters key physicochemical properties, notably the refractive index (RI), due to physical, particulate, and chemical changes. As a result, refractometric fibre-optic sensors have gained attention for enabling real-time monitoring and overcoming the limitations of traditional offline diagnostics. This study explores the use of a Fabry-Pérot phase-modulated fibre optic sensor (FISO FRI RI Sensor) for in-situ ageing detection in four industrial transformer oils: natural ester, synthetic ester, Nytro Bio 300X (vegetable-based), and Polaris GX (mineral-based). The oils were thermally aged under controlled conditions following degassing and drying. The sensor performance was evaluated using key metrics, including repeatability, thermal response, settling time, and linearity. Results show high repeatability (with standard deviations below 7 × 10

Indexed as

ageingFabry–Perotfiber optic sensorrefractive indextransformer oil

Identifiers

PMID41305059
PMCPMC12656431

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.