Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41304874›Full record

ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Repurposing Auranofin for Oncology and Beyond: A Brief Overview of Clinical Trials as Mono- and Combination Therapy.

Doralice Giorgini, Lorenzo Chiaverini, Monica Viviano, Raffaella Belvedere, Silvia Salerno, Emma Baglini, Federico Da Settimo, Tiziano Marzo, Sabrina Taliani, Elisabetta Barresi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Multifunctional auranofin analogues: dual-targeting TSPO/TrxR gold(I) complexes with activity in resistant ovarian cancer.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. NewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Anti-staphylococcal activity of the auranofin-analogous PEtFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Doralice GiorginiDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy.
Lorenzo ChiaveriniDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy.
Monica VivianoEpigenetic Med Chem Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1118-790X
Raffaella BelvedereDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5036-7869
Silvia SalernoDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6072-4698
Emma BagliniInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, CNR Research Area, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8378-4052
Federico Da SettimoDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7897-7917
Tiziano MarzoDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2567-3637
Sabrina TalianiDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8675-939X
Elisabetta BarresiDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9814-7195

Funding

Ministero Italiano dell'Università e della Ricerca 2022ALJRPLMinistero Italiano dell'Università e della Ricerca P202252C7C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Auranofin (AF) is an oral gold(I) compound with a well-known pharmacological profile, currently used in the treatment of some severe forms of rheumatoid arthritis. Over the last twenty years, AF has also been repurposed as an antitumor, antiviral, and antibacterial drug. In this context, this review provides an updated overview of all clinical trials investigating AF for the treatment of various pathologies, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents. We started summarizing the rationale behind repurposing AF in oncology, including its ability to inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and disrupt redox homeostasis, leading to selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Clinical data from trials across a range of tumors are reviewed, highlighting safety profiles, dosing regimens, pharmacokinetics, and observed therapeutic outcomes. Then, we discussed the synergistic effects observed when AF is combined with chemotherapeutics, targeted therapies, or immune modulators. Then, an overview concerning the trials involving AF in non-oncological settings is also provided. Despite promising preclinical results, clinical translation remains in early stages, with most trials still in phase I or II. Nevertheless, emerging evidence supports continued exploration of AF-based therapies to address unmet medical needs.

Indexed as

auranofincancerclinical trialsdrug repurposing

Identifiers

PMID41304874
PMCPMC12655671

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.