Occurrence, Distribution and Risk Assessment of Biocides in Chao Lake and Its Tributaries.

Longxiao Ji, Lei Jiang, Shengxing Wang, Xiaozhen Hu, Kaining Chen, Qinglong Wu, Lijun Zhou

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Longxiao JiSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, No. 219, Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China.

Lei JiangState Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.

Shengxing WangState Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.

Xiaozhen HuSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, No. 219, Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China.

Kaining ChenState Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.

Qinglong WuState Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1636-4928

Lijun ZhouState Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0133-3048

Funding

Autonomous Deployment Project of Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, China NKL2023-KP01National Natural Science Foundation of China U22A20616 and 32171629Science and Technology Planning Project of NIGLAS, China NIGLAS2022TJ07Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences 2022318

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biocides, including fungicides and paraben preservatives, are widely used in medicine, agriculture and food industries, and are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, which will have adverse impacts on aquatic organisms. This study investigated the occurrence, distribution, ecological risks, and human health risks of 7 target biocides in Chao Lake, a large eutrophic urban lake, and its tributaries. Four biocides were detected, with total concentrations ranging from 186 ng/L to 853 ng/L. Carbendazim (CBD), fluconazole (FCZ), and methylparaben (MP) had detection frequencies of 100%, with mean concentrations of 234 ng/L, 35.3 ng/L, and 26.8 ng/L, respectively. Significant spatial heterogeneity was observed, with obviously elevated levels in the western region compared with the central and eastern regions. Strong correlations (

Indexed as

biocidesChao Lakeecological riskhuman health riskoccurrence

Identifiers

PMID41304553

DOI10.3390/toxics13111001

PMCPMC12655945

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.