Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals from Long-Term Mining Activities: A Case Study of the Fengfeng Mining Area.

Le Ren, Wenyu Qi, Hongling Ye

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Le RenSchool of Life Science and Engineering, Handan University, Handan 056005, China.

Wenyu QiShandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.

Hongling YeSchool of Life Science and Engineering, Handan University, Handan 056005, China.

Funding

Science and Technology Research and Development Plan Project of Handan City No.19422093001-19

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Long-term mining activities have introduced heavy metals (HMs) into the soil, ultimately threatening environmental sustainability. Precisely forecasting the spatial patterns of HMs and performing risk evaluations in mining regions are essential for efficient pollution control. In this study, 213 topsoil samples were collected from the Fengfeng Mining Area, which has a 150-year mining history. To determine the spatial distribution of soil HM speciation, correlation analysis was conducted by integrating landform types, and visualization was carried out through Kriging interpolation. Results indicate that the mean levels of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn exceed their respective background values by 6.48, 1.61, 4.79, and 4.35 times. The bioavailability sequence is Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu, with elevated levels of bioavailable Cd and Pb observed in the western hilly region. Based on the secondary phase to primary phase ratio (RSP) and the risk assessment code (RAC), Pb and Cd were identified as posing high ecological risks, whereas Cu and Zn do not cause severe contamination. This study provides a scientific foundation for industrial transformation and sustainable development in resource-exhausted cities.

Indexed as

ecological riskHMs speciationland degradationlong-term miningspatial distribution

Identifiers

PMID41304520

DOI10.3390/toxics13110969

PMCPMC12656562

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