Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41304449›Full record

ArticlePolymers2025

How Method Matters: The Impact of Material Characterisation Techniques on Liquid Silicone Rubber Injection Moulding Simulations.

Maurício Azevedo, Silvester Bolka, Clemens Holzer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Maurício AzevedoPolymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, 8700 Leoben, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-7730-8642
Silvester BolkaFaculty of Polymer Technology, 2380 Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia.ORCID 0000-0001-5815-5599
Clemens HolzerInstitute of Polymer Processing, Department Polymer Engineering and Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-5149-7895

Funding

Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft 879785
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Injection moulding of liquid silicone rubber (LSR) requires reliable computer-aided engineering simulations to support process optimisation, which in turn depend on accurate material data. In this study, thermo-physical and kinetic properties of a highly filled injection moulding (IM) grade of LSR were systematically characterised using complementary experimental approaches, and their impact on simulation fidelity was critically assessed. Specific heat capacity was measured using both modulated DSC and the standard sapphire method, revealing temperature dependence but no intrinsic change during curing, with sapphire-based data incorporating enthalpic effects more realistically for process prediction. Thermal conductivity was found to be nearly constant across the processing temperature range. Curing kinetics were investigated by calorimetry and rheology, with the former supporting an autocatalytic mechanism and the latter suggesting an nth-order model, reflecting differences in detection sensitivity and onset characterisation. When implemented into injection moulding simulations, viscosity primarily affected injection pressures, while differences in specific heat capacity and curing kinetics strongly influenced predicted curing profiles and cycle times. These results emphasise that dataset choice, particularly for curing-related parameters, is critical to achieving predictive accuracy in LSR injection moulding simulations. Unlike previous studies on LSR injection moulding, which typically adapt thermoplastic-inspired characterisation methods without systematically addressing their limitations, this work introduces an organised and comparative methodology to evaluate how different material characterisation techniques influence simulation outcomes. The proposed approach establishes a methodological framework that can guide future research and improve the reliability of process simulations for LSR and other polymeric systems.

Indexed as

curing kineticsinjection mouldingliquid silicone rubberprocessing simulation accuracyspecific heat capacityspecific volumethermal conductivity

Identifiers

PMID41304449
PMCPMC12656677

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.