ArticlePolymers2025
Assessment of the Stability of Propellants Modified with Eco-Friendly Plasticizers.
Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Enhancing Mechanical Flexibility and Water-Barrier Properties of Ethyl Cellulose Gels Using Hydroxylated Linseed Oil as a Sustainable Plasticizer.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The growing importance of sustainable technologies and environmental safety is promoting the implementation of green chemistry principles in the field of energetic materials. Traditionally, nitrocellulose-based propellants are plasticized with dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which is classified as a hazardous substance due to its toxicity and migration during storage. In this work, triethyl 2-acetylcitrate (ATEC) and tributyl 2-acetylcitrate (ATBC) were investigated as biodegradable and non-toxic alternatives to DBP. The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal and chemical stability, physicochemical properties, and incorporation efficiency of these eco-friendly plasticizers in regard to propellants prepared from nitrocellulose of different origins and with nitrogen contents. The stability of the obtained propellants was assessed based on accelerated aging tests conducted in accordance with NATO STANAG 4582 and AOP-48 procedures. The results showed that both the ATEC- and ATBC-modified propellants meet the stability requirements corresponding to at least ten years of storage at 25 °C. The modified propellants showed slightly lower heats of combustion. Both plasticizers were effectively integrated into the nitrocellulose matrix without compromising density or stability. This study confirms that citric-acid-based plasticizers are promising green alternatives to conventional phthalates, offering improved environmental compatibility while maintaining the required performance and safety of nitrocellulose propellants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.