Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41304342›Full record

ArticlePolymers2025

Surface Treatment and Analysis of 3D-Printed Plastic Molds for Prototype and Small-Series Injection Molding.

Karel Raz, Zdenek Chval, Frantisek Hula, Angelos Markopoulos

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Karel RazFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Regional Technological Institute, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 2732/8, 301 00 Plzen, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0001-8768-0317
Zdenek ChvalFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Regional Technological Institute, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 2732/8, 301 00 Plzen, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-6751-559X
Frantisek Hula3Dees, Doudlebska 1699/5, 140 00 Praha, Czech Republic.ORCID 0009-0001-0397-4607
Angelos MarkopoulosSchool of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9 Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3754-5202

Funding

Grant Agency of the University of West Bohemia: Long-term conceptual development of a research organization Long-term conceptual development of a research organization
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a promising technology for producing low-cost, customized tooling, particularly for prototyping and small-series injection molding. However, the inherent surface roughness and anisotropic properties of 3D-printed parts pose significant challenges for their direct use as functional mold inserts. This study investigates the effectiveness of various post-processing techniques on 3D-printed plastic inserts made from polyamide 12 (PA12) and glass bead-filled PA12 (PA12GB). The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of these surface treatments on the functional properties and service life of the mold inserts. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including a detailed characterization of roughness using a confocal microscope, cross-sectional analysis to determine layer thickness, and tribological tests employing the ball-on-disc method to assess wear resistance. The study employed a modular injection mold and tested a range of surface finishing processes, including PostProcess Suspended Rotational Force (SRF) technology, metal decomposition coatings from HVM Plasma, and various methods from DyeMansion (Powershot S and Powerfuse). Results show a significant reduction in surface roughness across all methods. Notably, the vapor-based Powefuse treatment from DyeMansion achieved a surface roughness (R

Indexed as

3D printingadditive manufacturinginjection moldingprototype toolingroughness analysissurface treatmenttribology

Identifiers

PMID41304342
PMCPMC12656251

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.