Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41304217›Full record

ArticleMicroorganisms2025

Role of Genomic, Economic, and Demographic Disparities in Mpox Epidemic in Africa: A Retrospective Cross-Country Analysis.

Blondy Kayembe-Mulumba, Anderson Kouabenan N'gattia, Marie Roseline Darnycka Belizaire, Thomas D'Aquin Koyazegbe, Marcel Mbeko Simaleko, Yap Boum, Pierre Somsé

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microorganisms, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Blondy Kayembe-MulumbaBordeaux Population Health Research Center, BPH, INSERM, U1219, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.ORCID 0000-0002-6985-2450
Anderson Kouabenan N'gattiaNational Institute of Public Hygiene, Ministry of Health, 01 BPV Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.ORCID 0000-0003-1111-142X
Marie Roseline Darnycka BelizaireWorld Health Organization, Country Office of the Central African Republic, BP 1416 Bangui, Central African Republic.ORCID 0000-0003-3771-7841
Thomas D'Aquin KoyazegbeWorld Health Organization, Country Office of the Central African Republic, BP 1416 Bangui, Central African Republic.
Marcel Mbeko SimalekoFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Bangui, BP 1426 Bangui, Central African Republic.
Yap BoumPasteur Institute of Bangui, BP 923 Bangui, Central African Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-6823-8539
Pierre SomséOffice of the Minister, Ministry of Health and Population, BP 883 Bangui, Central African Republic.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To investigate the role of epidemic predictors in the mpox outbreak in Africa. This was a retrospective analysis of national-level mpox surveillance data from 20 mpox-affected African countries from January through December 2024. Predictors included viral clades, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and population density. A negative binomial regression model estimated the incidence rates ratio (IRR) [95% confidence interval] for mpox incidence and mortality. Random forest models assessed the influence of each predictor in the epidemic dynamic. Clade II was associated with lower mpox incidence (IRR = 0.15 [0.02-0.97]) and mortality (IRR = 0.09 [0.01-1.72]) compared to Clade I. GDP per capita was associated with a 95% reduction in cases count per US $1000 (IRR = 0.05 [0.38-0.74]). Population density was not significantly associated with mpox incidence or mortality. Random forest analysis confirmed GDP per capita as the strongest predictor of mpox burden. The 2024 mpox epidemic highlights how countries with low GDP per capita and Clade I face greater outbreak burdens. Strengthening health systems and addressing poverty as a key social determinant of health through a multisectoral approach are essential to ensure equitable outbreak prevention, control, and long-term resilience.

Indexed as

AfricaGDP per capitaglobal healthmpox epidemicpopulation densityviral clade

Identifiers

PMID41304217
PMCPMC12654172

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.