Research Progress Regarding the Use of Single-Cell Sequencing Technology in Analyzing Tumor Endothelial Cell Pathophysiology.

Tumor vascular endothelial cells are essential constituents of the tumor microenvironment, responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients that are vital for tumor growth and proliferation. As a hallmark of cancer progression, abnormal tumor vasculature contributes to tumor development through multiple mechanisms. Although anti-angiogenic therapies are widely used in the treatment of various cancers, the intrinsic heterogeneity of endothelial cells poses significant challenges regarding therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, further investigation into the heterogeneity of tumor endothelial cells is of paramount importance. The rapid advancement of single-cell sequencing technologies in recent years has facilitated the detailed characterization of heterogeneity among tumor endothelial cells at the single-cell level, thereby fostering a more precise understanding of the functional roles of individual cells within the tumor microenvironment. This technology has become an indispensable tool for investigating the heterogeneity of tumor endothelial cells, offering insights that could inform the refinement of future cancer treatments. In this review, we synthesize findings from the field of single-cell omics to elucidate the heterogeneous characteristics of tumor endothelial cells. We analyze recent advancements in single-cell technology used in the study of tumor cell heterogeneity in terms of both commonalities and distinctive features, covering aspects at the gene and cellular levels. In this review, we provide an overview of recent applications of single-cell sequencing technology in analyzing tumor endothelial cell heterogeneity, offering insights into the development of precise tumor therapies.