ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Dietary Carbohydrates and ADHD Symptoms: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Group dialectical behavior therapy skills training versus group cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has become an increasingly recognized clinical entity, with growing attention in research and healthcare settings. ADHD can significantly affect multiple domains of adult functioning, including education, employment, interpersonal relationships, and both mental and physical health. However, despite the expanding body of literature, gaps in understanding persist. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on adult ADHD. The literature was systematically searched in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO using predefined keywords related to ADHD in adults. Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2025, addressing epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and functioning. Exclusion criteria included studies with pediatric populations only or lacking methodological rigor. ADHD in adults is prevalent worldwide, with considerable heterogeneity across studies. Its etiology involves complex interactions between genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. Clinical presentation in adulthood differs from childhood, with symptoms such as inattention, emotional dysregulation, and executive dysfunction predominating. Diagnostic challenges include retrospective assessment of childhood symptoms and comorbidity with mood and anxiety disorders. Pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral interventions show efficacy, particularly when combined in integrated care models. ADHD negatively affects quality of life and occupational and social functioning and increases the risk of comorbid disorders, including psychoactive substance use. Adult ADHD is a multifaceted condition requiring a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management. Future research should aim to refine diagnostic tools, explore neurobiological markers, and tailor interventions to individual profiles. Expanding knowledge on adult ADHD will improve identification, treatment outcomes, and overall quality of life for affected individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.