ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
Modulation of Surgical Site Infection Risk in Spinal and Thoracic Surgeries Through Operative Parameters: A Narrative Review.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intrawound Vancomycin Powder in Surgical Site Infection Prophylaxis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Efficacy, Safety, and Clinical Controversies.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Decision-Making in the Surgical Management of Rigid Congenital Spinal Deformities: The Role of Vertebral Column Resection and Less Invasive Alternatives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Multi-level posterior cervical-only fusion and instrumentation with versus without extension to C1: A short-term outcomes analysis using a large database.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- Clinical risk factors for multidrug-resistant organism infections in postoperative gastric cancer patients: an ICU-based retrospective analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Postoperative inflammatory markers and surgical wound infection after elective short-segment lumbar fusion: the importance of surgical context.Journal of bone and joint infection · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSurgical site infections (SSIs) following spinal and thoracic procedures are associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased morbidity, with incidence rates of 2-15% in spinal surgery and 3-12% in thoracic procedures. Multiple patient-related and procedure-specific factors contribute to wound complications, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, extended surgical time, excessive tissue dissection, and hardware implantation. Implementing evidence-based prevention and early intervention strategies is essential in high-risk surgical cohorts.
methodsThis narrative review followed searches in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Embase for studies published between January 2000 and October 2025. Eligible peer-reviewed articles examined SSI incidence, risk factors, or prevention strategies in adult patients undergoing thoracic or spinal surgery. Data extraction focused on operative parameters, antibiotic prophylaxis regimens, negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) use, and patient outcomes.
resultsEvidence from found recent studies was synthesized. Key findings demonstrated that operative duration > 4 h increased SSI odds by 41% per additional hour, and blood loss > 500 mL doubled infection risk. Prophylactic NPWT reduced deep SSI rates by 50% in high-risk patients (BMI ≥ 35, diabetes, multilevel instrumentation). Intrawound vancomycin powder reduced deep SSIs by 50-60%, particularly in multilevel fusions. Administering prophylactic antibiotics within 30 min of incision was significantly more effective than at 60 min, with a 23% relative risk reduction. Weight-adjusted antibiotic dosing in obese patients lowered SSI rates from 5.1% to 2.9%.
conclusionsOperative parameters strongly predict SSI risk. An integrated risk- and evidence-based approach to wound management following spinal and thoracic surgeries-combining optimized antibiotic prophylaxis, risk-stratified NPWT application, and operative technique modifications-can significantly reduce SSI incidence. Successful implementation requires institutional commitment, multidisciplinary collaboration, and continuous quality improvement to optimize patient outcomes.
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