How Well Does ChatGPT-4o Reason? Expert Evaluation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Performance in Hand Surgery.

Léna G Dietrich, Laura De Pellegrin, Valeria Rinaldi, Yves Harder, Esther Vögelin, Esin Rothenfluh

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

LipoAssist: a structured GPT-4-based clinical workflow for preliminary lipedema assessment.Frontiers in medicine · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Léna G DietrichDepartment of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.

Laura De PellegrinDepartment of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0004-6010-7886

Valeria RinaldiDepartment of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.

Yves HarderDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2557-249X

Esther VögelinDepartment of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2491-3985

Esin RothenfluhDepartment of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as

artificial intelligenceChatGPT-4oclinical reasoningdiagnostic ambiguitydigital healthhand surgerylarge language modelsmedical educationnerve surgerysurgical decision-making

Identifiers

PMID41303080

DOI10.3390/jcm14228045

PMCPMC12653297

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.