ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2025
Breastfeeding in a Polluted World: Perspective on the Properties of Breast Milk and the Need for Protection.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex-dependent vulnerability to early-life phthalates exposure and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Workplace lactation support attenuates the association between early maternal return to work and preschool overweight/obesity in China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast milk (BM) is a unique biological fluid that represents the optimal nutritional source for infants, uniquely adapted through millions of years of evolution. BM is not only a nutritional fluid but a dynamic biological system, evolved to provide optimal growth, immune protection, and neurodevelopmental support. Its unique composition-including macronutrients, micronutrients, bioactive molecules, and stem cells-makes it essential in early life. Breastfeeding further promotes psychological well-being, secure attachment, and maternal-infant bonding. Yet, in recent decades, concern has grown over environmental contaminants in BM, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and micro/nanoplastics. These pollutants have the potential to disrupt endocrine signaling, neurodevelopment, metabolic programming, and immune development, thereby undermining the natural advantages of breastfeeding. Therefore, a better understanding of the unique features of BM, while investigating the effects of these contaminants, is important for safeguarding maternal and infant health. This perspective article highlights the current knowledge on BM and indicates the need for further research. It also emphasizes the need for appropriate public health measures aimed at reducing exposure to pollutants and lowering associated risks, as well as preventive strategies to protect breast milk and breastfeeding in such a changing environment, as it is uniquely designed to promote the health of children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.