ArticleMicromachines2025
Numerical Investigation of Microporous Insulation for Power Reduction in Zero-Heat-Flux Thermometry.
Article in Micromachines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Zero-heat-flux (ZHF) thermometry is a clinically validated method for non-invasive core body temperature monitoring, yet its broad adoption in wearable applications is constrained by the high power consumption of the heater element. In this study, we numerically investigate the role of microporous insulation in minimizing energy demand while preserving measurement accuracy. A three-dimensional finite element model of a ZHF probe was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4, consisting of a resistive heater, a microporous insulation shell, and a skin-equivalent substrate regulated by proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. A Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was utilized to systematically investigate the effects of porosity (0-90%), insulation thickness (2-4 mm), and the convective heat transfer coefficient (5-15 W/m
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