ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Green and Emerging Microextraction Strategies for Bioanalytical Determination of Hormones: Trends, Challenges, and Applications.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive determination of hormones in biological matrices is essential for clinical diagnostics, therapeutic monitoring, and endocrine research. However, hormone determination presents significant challenges due to their typically low concentrations, complex sample matrices, and structural diversity. In recent years, microextraction techniques have emerged as strategic tools in bioanalytical chemistry, offering advantages in terms of miniaturization, enhanced selectivity, and compatibility with the principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC). This review provides a comprehensive overview of green and emerging microextraction approaches for the determination of steroidal, thyroid, peptide, and other hormones in biological samples. Key techniques such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode array detectors (DADs) or mass spectrometry (MS), are critically discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the use of environmentally friendly solvents, such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs), and advanced sorbents including molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and nanostructured magnetic phases. Applications across various bioanalytical matrices (urine, plasma, serum, saliva, tissues…) are examined in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and validation parameters. Finally, current challenges, method development gaps, and future directions are highlighted to support the continued advancement of sustainable hormone determination in complex biological systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.